Title

• The title should be concise, descriptive, and clearly reflect the content of the manuscript.
• Authors should use Title Case and avoid unnecessary abbreviations.

Author Information

• Because GASR uses a double-blind peer-review process, author information must not be included in the anonymous manuscript.

• Author details should be provided separately through the submission system or in a separate title page.
• Author information should include:
  • Full name of each author.
  • Department or institutional affiliation.
  • City and country.
  • Institutional or professional email address.
  • ORCID iD, where available.

Corresponding Author

• The corresponding author must be clearly identified.
• The corresponding author is responsible for communication with the journal during submission, peer review, publication, and post-publication.
• The corresponding author's institutional or professional email address and complete institutional affiliation should be provided.
• Telephone numbers are not required unless specifically requested by the editorial office.

Abstract

• All manuscripts must include a concise abstract of 150–250 words.
• The abstract should briefly describe:
  • Research background or problem.
  • Research objectives.
  • Methodology.
  • Major findings.
  • Conclusion.
• The abstract should be understandable on its own.
• Citations and undefined abbreviations should generally be avoided in the abstract.

Keywords

• Authors should provide 3–10 keywords.
• Keywords should accurately represent the main subjects of the manuscript.
• Keywords should be separated by commas.
• Keywords should not end with a full stop.

Word Count and Formatting

• Research articles should normally contain 3,500–7,000 words.
• Longer manuscripts may be considered where the additional length is justified by the research.
• Manuscripts should be prepared in Microsoft Word (.doc or .docx).
• The main text should normally be double-spaced, including footnotes and references.
• Authors should write clearly and concisely while providing sufficient detail to support the research and its findings.

Headings and Subheadings

• Authors should use clear headings and subheadings to organize the manuscript.
• Numbered sections may be used where appropriate.
• The abstract should not be included in section numbering.

Tables and Figures

• Tables and figures should be incorporated into the manuscript and placed near their first mention in the text.
• Tables and figures should be numbered consecutively.
• Each table and figure should have a clear title or caption.
• Tables and figures should be referred to in the text.
• Tables and figures should be presented in a clear and legible format.
• Authors are responsible for obtaining permission for copyrighted material where permission is required.

Mathematical and Other Formulas

• Mathematical and other formulas, where applicable, should be presented clearly and consistently with the surrounding text.
• Authors should ensure that formulas remain readable in the manuscript and final published version.

References

• References and in-text citations must follow the Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association (APA), 7th edition.
• References should be listed alphabetically at the end of the manuscript.
• Authors should provide a DOI for a cited work where available.
• Where a DOI is not available, a stable URL may be included where appropriate.

Citations in the Text

• Every work cited in the text must appear in the reference list.
• Every work included in the reference list should be cited in the text.
• Authors should generally avoid citations in the abstract unless they are necessary.
• Personal communications and unpublished information should normally be cited only in the text and should not be included in the reference list, in accordance with APA 7th edition.

Web References

• Online sources should be cited according to APA 7th edition.
• Authors should provide the DOI of a source where available.
• If a DOI is not available, a stable URL should be included where appropriate.
• Web references should be included in the main reference list and should not be listed separately.

Author Biography and Photograph

• Author biographies and photographs are not required for regular research article submissions.
• The editorial office may request a biography or photograph separately for specific article types or editorial purposes.

Funding Information

• Authors must disclose any financial support received for the research or publication of the manuscript.
• If the research received no specific funding, authors may state:
  • Funding: No specific funding was received for this research.

Conflict of Interest

• Authors should disclose any financial, professional, or personal interests that could reasonably be perceived as influencing the research or its interpretation.
• If there is no relevant conflict of interest, authors may state:
  • Conflict of Interest: The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Global Anthropological Studies Review (GASR) is committed to maintaining high standards of academic and publication integrity. Plagiarism and other forms of academic misconduct undermine the credibility of scholarly research and the integrity of the academic publishing process. GASR therefore takes allegations of plagiarism seriously and applies appropriate measures to prevent, investigate, and address plagiarism and related forms of misconduct.

Plagiarism is the presentation of another person's words, ideas, data, images, findings, or other intellectual work as one's own without appropriate acknowledgment or citation.

Plagiarism may include, but is not limited to:

• Direct Plagiarism: Copying text or other material from another source without appropriate quotation, attribution, or permission where required.
• Paraphrasing Plagiarism: Rewriting or rephrasing another author's ideas, findings, or text without appropriate acknowledgment or citation.
• Mosaic Plagiarism: Combining phrases, sentence structures, ideas, or other material from one or more sources with only minor changes and without proper citation.
• Unacknowledged Use of Data or Visual Material: Using data, tables, figures, images, graphs, or other materials from another source without appropriate attribution or permission where required.
• Self-Plagiarism: Reusing substantial portions of one's previously published work without appropriate citation, acknowledgment, or disclosure.
• Duplicate or Redundant Publication: Submitting or publishing the same or substantially similar work in more than one publication without appropriate disclosure and editorial approval.
• Salami Publication: Inappropriately dividing the results of a single research study into multiple publications without sufficient scholarly justification.
• Source-Based Misconduct: Fabricating, misrepresenting, or materially misusing references, including citing sources that have not been consulted or providing inaccurate citations that mislead readers about the origin of information.

Authors remain responsible for ensuring that all sources, ideas, data, and other borrowed material are appropriately acknowledged.

The Global Anthropological Studies Review (GASR) operates under a comprehensive open access policy to promote the wide dissemination of research in the social sciences. This policy aligns with the journal's commitment to ensuring the free flow of knowledge without barriers, allowing readers worldwide to access, read, and benefit from its scholarly content. Below is a more detailed breakdown of GASR's open access policy:

GASR offers free and immediate access to all its published content. Upon publication, articles are made freely available to everyone without any subscription, registration, or payment required. This ensures that the latest research in the social sciences can reach a global audience, including students, academics, researchers, and the general public.

All content published in the Global Anthropological Studies Review (GASR) is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). This license allows users to share, Copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format. However, the following restrictions apply:

1. NonCommercial: The material may not be used for commercial purposes.
2. NoDerivatives: If you remix, transform, or build upon the material, you may not distribute the modified content.
3. Attribution: Users must give appropriate credit to the original authors, provide a link to the license, and indicate if any changes were made. However, the material cannot be altered or used commercially.

This license ensures that the work can be freely accessed and shared for educational and non-commercial purposes while protecting the integrity of the original research.

Unlike traditional publishing models where authors may have to transfer copyright to the publisher, GASR allows authors to retain the copyright to their work. This empowers authors with full ownership and control over their intellectual property while still granting the journal the right to distribute the content.

GASR does not impose any embargo on its published content. All articles are made available immediately after publication. There is no delay in accessing research, ensuring that findings can contribute to ongoing discussions and developments in the field without unnecessary restrictions.

Publishing in an open-access journal like GASR offers several benefits for authors, including:

1. Increased Visibility and Citation: Open-access articles are often cited more frequently than articles behind paywalls, due to their wide accessibility.
2. Global Reach: GASR’s open access policy ensures that articles are accessible to a worldwide audience, including scholars from developing countries who might not have access to subscription-based journals.
3. No Subscription Fees for Readers: Readers can access the journal’s content freely, which increases readership and engagement with the published research.

To maintain the journal's open-access model, GASR may charge authors an Article Processing Charge (APC). This fee covers the costs associated with the editorial process, peer review, typesetting, and online hosting. Authors are encouraged to review the APC policy carefully before submission. In certain cases, waivers or discounts might be available for authors from low-income countries or in special circumstances.

Many funding agencies and institutions require that the research they support is made available under open access. GASR’s policy is fully compliant with the requirements of major funding bodies, ensuring that authors can fulfill their grant obligations while publishing in a reputable journal.

GASR ensures the long-term digital preservation of its content through archiving agreements. This guarantees that articles remain accessible to future generations of researchers even if the journal ceases publication.

By offering open access, GASR ensures that all its published articles are freely accessible to anyone with an internet connection, without subscription or paywall barriers. This increases the visibility of the research and allows a broader audience, including academics, practitioners, policymakers, students, and the general public, to engage with the content.

1. Global Reach: Researchers from developing countries or institutions with limited resources can access GASR's articles without financial barriers. This helps promote equity in knowledge dissemination and ensures that all scholars, regardless of their institutional affiliation or economic status, can access high-quality research.

2. Wider Dissemination: Open access enables articles to be easily shared through social media, academic networks, and public repositories. This accelerates the dissemination of ideas and knowledge.

Research shows that open access articles are cited more frequently than those published in subscription-based journals. The increased visibility and accessibility of open access articles contribute to their being read and referenced by a broader academic audience.

1. Increased Impact: With GASR’s open access policy, researchers can expect higher readership, which often correlates with increased citations, leading to a greater impact within their academic field.

2. Enhanced Research Collaboration: Open access fosters collaboration by allowing researchers to easily access and build upon each other’s work, which can lead to more cross-disciplinary research opportunities and innovation.

Research shows that open access articles are cited more frequently than those published in subscription-based journals. The increased visibility and accessibility of open access articles contribute to their being read and referenced by a broader academic audience.

1. Increased Impact: With GASR’s open access policy, researchers can expect higher readership, which often correlates with increased citations, leading to a greater impact within their academic field.

2. Enhanced Research Collaboration: Open access fosters collaboration by allowing researchers to easily access and build upon each other’s work, which can lead to more cross-disciplinary research opportunities and innovation.

Many funding agencies, including governmental and non-governmental organizations, now mandate that the research they support must be published in open access journals or made freely available. GASR’s open access policy ensures compliance with these requirements, making it easier for authors to meet their funding obligations.

Grant Eligibility: Publishing in GASR enables authors to comply with their funders’ open access mandates, which is often a condition for receiving grants. This also ensures that publicly funded research is accessible to taxpayers and the public.

Under GASR’s open access model and the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 license, authors retain the copyright to their work. This contrasts with traditional publishing models where authors often transfer copyright to the publisher.

1. Control Over Work: Retaining copyright allows authors to distribute and share their work freely and control how it is used. This benefits authors by ensuring that they have the final say over their intellectual property, while still benefiting from the journal’s editorial and peer-review processes.

2. Credit and Recognition: The license ensures that the original author receives appropriate credit when their work is shared, helping build the author's reputation and academic profile.

GASR’s open access model means that articles are freely available immediately after publication, with no embargo period. This instant availability ensures that the latest research can contribute to ongoing scholarly discussions and be applied in real-time, fostering faster academic and societal advancements.

1. Timely Access: Readers and researchers can access new studies as soon as they are published, which is particularly important in fast-moving fields where timely access to new research is critical.

2. Impact on Policy and Practice: In fields like social sciences, timely access to research findings can influence policy decisions, educational practices, and social reforms more rapidly.

Readers do not have to pay any subscription or access fees to read GASR’s articles, which eliminates financial barriers to accessing scholarly content. This democratization of knowledge promotes academic and social equity, ensuring that knowledge reaches diverse audiences, including those who might not have institutional access to paid journals.

1. Educational Resource: GASR’s open access content can serve as a valuable educational resource for universities, libraries, and educators, who can use the research for teaching and academic purposes without worrying about subscription costs.

Open access articles are indexed by major search engines and repositories, making them easier to find. With GASR’s content being open access, articles are more likely to appear in search results, increasing discoverability for both authors and the journal.

1. SEO Benefits: Open access content is prioritized by search engines, leading to better search engine optimization (SEO) and higher ranking in search results, making the journal's content more discoverable by those looking for relevant research.

2. Digital Archives: GASR’s open access model ensures long-term preservation of published research in digital repositories, guaranteeing that articles remain accessible for future generations.

By making research openly accessible, GASR contributes to the public good by allowing research findings to reach a wider audience, including policymakers, NGOs, community groups, and practitioners in various fields. This contributes to societal advancement and knowledge transfer beyond academia.

1. Impact on Society: Open access research can inform policy, social programs, and public initiatives, especially in the social sciences, where research often addresses issues like social inequality, education, and community development.

Global Anthropological Studies Review (GASR) supports Green Open Access and encourages authors to preserve and share their research through recognized scholarly repositories.

Authors retain the copyright of their work and may archive the following versions of their manuscripts without any embargo period.

Authors may deposit their work in:

• Personal websites
• Institutional repositories
• Subject repositories
• ResearchGate
• Academia.edu
• Zenodo
• Other non-commercial scholarly repositories

When sharing the published version, authors should include the complete citation, journal name, and DOI of the published article.

Global Anthropological Studies Review (GASR) is committed to ensuring the long-term preservation and accessibility of all published scholarly content. The journal uses internationally accepted publishing standards and digital preservation technologies to ensure that published articles remain accessible, discoverable, and usable in the future.

The journal is published on a standards compliant publishing platform that supports interoperability with scholarly repositories, indexing services, libraries, and digital preservation systems.

Each published article is assigned a permanent DOI and a stable article URL to ensure reliable identification, citation, and long-term access.

To support long-term preservation and accessibility, GASR implements the following technologies and standards:

• LOCKSS compatible manifest pages
• OAI-PMH metadata harvesting
• JATS XML full-text articles
• Dublin Core metadata
• Schema.org structured metadata
• Crossref DOI registration
• Permanent article URLs
• HTML, PDF, and XML article formats
• Regular server backups
• Redundant storage of published content

These technologies improve interoperability with scholarly repositories, indexing services, digital libraries, and preservation systems while helping ensure continued access to published research.

Global Anthropological Studies Review is committed to maintaining permanent access to all published articles. Every reasonable effort is made to preserve and protect journal content against technical failures, accidental data loss, and future platform changes.

If publication of the journal is discontinued, the publisher will make every reasonable effort to ensure that previously published articles remain publicly accessible through preserved archives, repository deposits, and archived journal files.

1. Identification: Errors are identified through editorial review, author notification, or reader feedback.
2. Verification: The editorial team verifies the error and assesses the need for correction.
3. Publication: Corrections are published as an update to the original article, clearly indicating the nature of the correction. The original article is not altered but will be linked to the correction notice.

Visibility: Corrections are prominently displayed and linked to the original article. They are also indexed and made available in all relevant databases.

Purpose: The retraction policy addresses situations where an article must be withdrawn from the scientific record due to serious issues affecting its validity or ethical standards. Retractions aim to maintain the integrity of the academic record and ensure that erroneous or unethical content is not perpetuated.

Reasons for Retraction:

1. Scientific Misconduct: This includes issues such as plagiarism, data fabrication, or falsification that significantly undermine the study’s credibility.
2. Ethical Concerns: Retraction may occur if an article is found to violate ethical standards, such as improper human or animal research practices.
3. Significant Errors: When errors are discovered that render the article’s conclusions invalid or misleading, and these errors cannot be corrected through a simple erratum or corrigendum.

1. Investigation: Retractions are considered after a thorough investigation, which may involve the authors, reviewers, and relevant institutional bodies.
2. Decision: The decision to retract an article is made by the editorial board based on the severity of the issue and in accordance with COPE guidelines.
3. Notification: The retraction notice is published, detailing the reason for retraction and clearly stating that the article should not be considered part of the scientific record. The original article remains available but is marked as retracted.
4. Correction of Record: The retraction notice is linked to the original article and is also indexed in all relevant databases to ensure that readers are aware of the retraction.

Visibility: Retraction notices are made publicly available and accessible, ensuring that the reasons for retraction are transparent. They are indexed and linked to the original article for clarity.

GASR adheres to the highest ethical standards as outlined by the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE). We are committed to ensuring that all corrections and retractions are handled with transparency and integrity to maintain the trust of the academic community.

For Further Information: For additional details on our correction and retraction policies, or if you have concerns about a published article, please contact the editorial office at [contact information].

• GASR aims to process manuscripts as efficiently as possible while maintaining an appropriate level of peer-review quality.
• The time required for peer review may vary depending on the subject of the manuscript, reviewer availability, the number of review rounds, and the complexity of the revisions required.
• Authors may contact the editorial office if there is an unusual delay in the review process.
• The journal does not guarantee acceptance or publication within a fixed period.

• Reviewers are selected according to their expertise and suitability for the manuscript.
• Reviewers must provide objective, constructive, and evidence-based assessments.
• Reviewers must disclose any actual or potential conflict of interest before accepting a manuscript for review.
• Reviewers must maintain the confidentiality of manuscripts and related materials.
• Reviewers must not use unpublished information obtained through the review process for personal or professional advantage.
• Reviewers must not share manuscripts or review materials with others without permission from the editorial office.
• Reviewers should inform the editors of any concerns regarding plagiarism, duplicate publication, fabricated or manipulated data, inappropriate citations, or other potential research-integrity issues.
• GASR expects reviewers to follow relevant principles and guidance of the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE).

• Authors who believe that a decision was made as a result of a significant procedural error, misunderstanding of the manuscript, or other substantive issue may submit an appeal.
• Appeals must provide a clear and reasoned explanation of the grounds for reconsideration.
• Appeals should address specific issues in the editorial decision or review process rather than simply disagreeing with the reviewers' academic judgment.
• An appeal may be assessed by the Editor-in-Chief or another appropriate editor who was not responsible for the original decision, where feasible.
• The editor may seek an additional independent assessment when necessary.
• The decision following an appeal is final.

• GASR appreciates the contribution of reviewers to the quality of scholarly publishing.
• The journal may acknowledge reviewers who have completed peer reviews in an annual acknowledgment, subject to their consent.
• Reviewers may request a certificate confirming their contribution where such certificates are provided by the journal.
• Reviewer identities remain confidential unless the reviewer has explicitly agreed to disclosure.

Global Anthropological Studies Review (GASR) operates under an open-access model, allowing free and unrestricted access to published content while safeguarding the rights of authors. GASR follows a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0), ensuring that authors retain the copyright of their work, with the following terms:

Author Copyright Retention: Authors of articles published in GASR retain full copyright over their work. By submitting and publishing in GASR, authors agree to grant the journal the right of first publication and agree to have their work licensed under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 license.

All articles published in GASR are licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). This means:

1. Attribution (BY): Others may share, copy, distribute, and transmit the work, but they must give appropriate credit to the original author(s), the journal, and the publisher (Humanity Publications). Proper citation of the work must be maintained in all uses of the content.

2. NonCommercial (NC): The content may not be used for commercial purposes. Users cannot utilize the material for profit-making or commercial gain without explicit permission from the authors and the journal.

3. No Derivatives (ND): The work may not be altered, transformed, or built upon. Any use of the content must retain its original form, and derivative works are not permitted under this license.

Authors publishing with GASR retain significant rights, including the right to:

1. Distribute their work: Authors are allowed to share and distribute their articles in any non-commercial repository, archive, or academic social platform (such as ResearchGate, Academia.edu) immediately after publication, as long as proper attribution is given to GASR and the publisher.

2. Reproduce and Display: Authors can display their articles publicly, reproduce their work in educational or professional settings, and distribute copies to students or peers for non-commercial purposes, provided proper credit is given.

3. Self-Archiving: GASR allows authors to archive pre-print (version before peer review), post-print (accepted version after peer review but before final publication), and the publisher’s final PDF version on personal or institutional repositories or websites, without seeking additional permission.

By submitting their work to GASR, authors grant the journal a non-exclusive right to distribute, publish, and archive the content worldwide. This includes:

1. First publication rights: The journal has the right to publish the submitted manuscript for the first time and to distribute it in print, electronic, and online forms.
2. Archiving and Preservation: GASR is granted permission to archive and preserve the article in various institutional repositories, digital archives, and databases to ensure long-term availability.

For any use of published content outside of what is permitted by the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 license, permission from both the author(s) and GASR is required. This includes:

1. Commercial Use: Requests to use GASR-published content for commercial purposes must be approved by the authors and GASR. This includes but is not limited to reproduction in commercial publications or the use of content in commercially distributed materials.
2. Translations and Adaptations: Any translation or adaptation of the content, even for non-commercial purposes, requires prior permission.

GASR takes copyright violations seriously. Any unauthorized use of GASR content that violates the terms of the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 license will be subject to appropriate legal action. We encourage users to report any suspected copyright infringement or misuse of published content.

Although authors retain the copyright of their work, Humanity Publications and GASR reserve the right to issue corrections, corrigenda, expressions of concern, or retractions when necessary in accordance with the journal's editorial policies and publication ethics. Such actions are taken only to maintain the accuracy, integrity, and reliability of the scholarly record. No changes to the published content will be made without following the journal's established correction and retraction procedures.

• GASR uses an overall similarity index of 10% as a general guideline for editorial screening.
• Manuscripts exceeding this level may be subject to additional editorial assessment, revision, or rejection depending on the nature and extent of the identified similarities.
• The 10% threshold is not an automatic acceptance or rejection criterion.
• Similarity arising from references, properly quoted material, standard terminology, commonly used phrases, or other legitimate sources may be considered separately during editorial assessment.
• Editorial decisions are based on the overall assessment of the manuscript and the nature of the identified overlap.

• All manuscripts submitted to GASR are screened using an appropriate plagiarism or text-similarity detection service.
• Screening may identify textual overlap with scholarly publications, books, conference proceedings, dissertations, institutional repositories, and other relevant online sources.
• Authors are responsible for providing accurate citations and acknowledgments for all borrowed ideas, text, data, figures, tables, and other material.
• Authors are responsible for obtaining permission where required to reproduce copyrighted material.
• Plagiarism-detection software is used as a screening and assessment tool and does not replace independent editorial judgment.

Preliminary Editorial Assessment

• When plagiarism or significant textual overlap is suspected, the editor will conduct a preliminary assessment of the manuscript and the available similarity report.
• The editor will consider the source, extent, and context of the identified overlap.
• Where necessary, the editorial office may examine the original sources identified in the similarity report.

Author Response

• Where appropriate, authors may be asked to provide an explanation or supporting documentation regarding the identified similarities.
• The editorial decision will take into account the available evidence and the authors' response, where a response has been requested.
• The journal may proceed with further investigation where the issue appears to involve serious or deliberate misconduct.

Minor or Unintentional Issues

• Minor instances such as inadequate citation, incorrect attribution, or limited unintentional textual overlap may require correction before the manuscript can proceed.
• Authors may be asked to revise the manuscript and provide appropriate citations or acknowledgments.
• The revised manuscript will be subject to further editorial assessment.

Major or Deliberate Plagiarism

• Significant or deliberate plagiarism may result in rejection of the manuscript.
• The authors will be informed of the editorial decision and, where appropriate, the basis for the decision.
• Where serious misconduct is established, GASR may notify the author's affiliated institution, funding body, or another appropriate authority, where necessary and appropriate.

Plagiarism Identified After Publication

• If plagiarism is identified after publication, GASR will investigate the matter in accordance with its publication ethics procedures.
• Depending on the nature and seriousness of the misconduct, the journal may publish a correction, expression of concern, or retraction.
• Any retraction will be clearly linked to the original article and will remain part of the scholarly record in accordance with the journal's correction and retraction procedures.

Repeated or Serious Misconduct

• In cases of repeated or serious academic misconduct, GASR may restrict an author's ability to submit manuscripts to the journal for a specified period.
• The Editor-in-Chief may also notify the author's institution, funding agency, or other relevant authority where appropriate.

By submitting a manuscript to GASR, authors confirm that:

• The manuscript is their original work.
• All sources and borrowed material have been appropriately cited and acknowledged.
• The manuscript has not been previously published.
• The manuscript is not under consideration by another journal.
• Any substantial overlap with the authors' previously published work has been appropriately disclosed.
• The manuscript complies with GASR's plagiarism and publication ethics policies.

Authors remain responsible for the originality and integrity of the content they submit, including content prepared with the assistance of automated or generative AI tools.

• Authors who believe that a plagiarism-related editorial decision was made incorrectly may submit an appeal to the journal.
• Appeals should provide a clear explanation of the grounds for reconsideration and, where relevant, supporting evidence.
• Appeals should normally be submitted within 30 days of the editorial decision.
• The Editor-in-Chief or an appropriately designated editor will review the appeal and the relevant evidence.
• Where appropriate, the journal may seek an independent assessment of the matter.
• The decision following an appeal will be communicated to the corresponding author.

• GASR is committed to maintaining the integrity of the published scholarly record.
• If plagiarism is confirmed after publication, the journal will take appropriate corrective action based on the nature and seriousness of the case.
• Possible actions include publication of a correction, expression of concern, or retraction.
• Corrections, expressions of concern, and retractions will be clearly identified and linked to the affected article.
• Retractions will not remove the original article from the scholarly record; the article will remain accessible with a clear retraction notice where appropriate.